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Background:
Venous thromboembolism or VTE which consists of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary emboli (PEs) is a disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in people. It is one of the most common reasons patients are referred to hematologists. In adults, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) has an incidence of 2 to 3 per 1000 person-years. Estimates suggest that between 300,000 to 600,000 people in the United States develop DVT/PE each year, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes at least 60,000 to 100,000 deaths each year. Its serious business.
How do clots occur?
Let’s talk a little bit about the pathophysiology of clotting.
In 1856, a Berlin scientist, Rudolf Virchow described the Virchow’s triad. these are the 3 factors that promote coagulation and therefore, thrombosis.
Signs and symptoms:
Deep vein thrombus: Swelling, cramping, redness, fever (occasionally)
Pulmonary embolism: Chest pain with inspiration, shortness of breath on exertion, hypotension (massive PE)
DVT diagnosis is made by conducting a doppler ultrasound and PE diagnoses are generally made through a CT angiogram scan (CT scan looking at the pulmonary arteries) and assessing for a clot.
In the next edition, we will talk about the acute treatment of VTE.
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